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EnglishCONTROLS -> Driving for your BMW i3 2013-2022
Driving
CONTROLS
Driving
Pressing the Start/Stop button again switches
drive-ready state back off and radio-ready state
is switched back on.
Vehicle features and options
This chapter describes all standard, country-spe‐
cific and optional features offered with the series.
It also describes features and functions that are
not necessarily available in your vehicle, e.g., due
to the selected options or country versions. This
also applies to safety-related functions and sys‐
tems. When using these functions and systems,
the applicable laws and regulations must be ob‐
served.
The drive-ready state cannot be activated as
long as the charging cable is connected, refer to
page 208.
Radio-ready state
Some electrical consumers are ready for opera‐
tion.
The radio-ready state is switched off automati‐
cally:
Start/Stop button
▷ If the driver's or front passenger door is
opened when exiting the vehicle, with drive-
ready state switched off manually.
Overview
▷ After approx. 8 minutes.
Button in the vehicle
▷ When the vehicle is locked using the central
locking system.
▷ If the charge state of the batteries is low.
Radio-ready state remains active if, for instance
drive-ready state is automatically switched off for
the following reasons:
▷ Opening or closing the driver's door.
▷ Unfastening of the driver's safety belt.
▷ When automatically switching from low
beams to parking lights.
1
2
3
Start/Stop button
Park P
Radio-ready state is also switched back on if the
on/off button on the radio is pressed when the
vehicle is parked.
Selector lever
If drive-ready state is switched on: the system
automatically switches to radio-ready state when
the driver's door is opened and the driver's safety
belt is unbuckled if the lights are switched off or
the daytime running lights are switched on.
Concept
Pressing the Start/Stop button
switches standby state on or off.
Drive-ready state is switched on
when you depress the brake
pedal while pressing the Start/
Stop button.
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Driving
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The drive-ready state is switched off automati‐
cally if the driver's safety belt is not buckled
when the driver's door is opened.
Standby state
All electrical consumers are ready for operation.
Odometer and trip odometer are displayed in the
instrument cluster.
Safety information
To preserve the battery, use standby state and
activated electrical consumers only as long as
absolutely necessary.
NOTICE
Selector lever position P is automatically en‐
gaged when drive-ready state is switched off.
There is a risk of damage to property, among
other potential damage. Do not switch drive-
ready state off in car washes.
Turning on standby state
Pressing the Start/Stop button switches standby
state on or off.
Standby state is switched off automatically:
▷ When locking the vehicle, even if the low
beams are switched on.
Drive-ready state in detail
Safety information
Warning
▷ When opening or closing the driver door, if
the driver's safety belt is unbuckled and the
low beams are switched off.
▷ While the driver's safety belt is unbuckled
with driver's door open and low beams off.
▷ When the batteries' state of charge is low, if
the low beams are switched off.
An unsecured vehicle can begin to move and
possibly roll away. There is a risk of accident.
Before exiting, secure the vehicle against roll‐
ing.
▷ The low beams switch to parking lights after
approx. 15 minutes of no use.
▷ When the front doors are opened if there is
no other person sitting in the front seats.
In order to ensure that the vehicle is secured
against rolling away, follow the following:
▷ Set the parking brake.
Drive-ready state
▷ On uphill grades or on a downhill slope,
turn the front wheels in the direction of the
curb.
Activated drive-ready state is the equivalent of a
running engine in conventional vehicles. Deacti‐
vated drive-ready state is equivalent to switching
the engine off.
▷ On uphill grades or on a downhill slope,
also secure the vehicle, for instance with a
wheel chock.
If drive-ready state is switched on, the vehicle
ready to drive and the READY signal, refer to
page 97, is displayed in the instrument cluster.
Switching on drive-ready state
1. Close the driver's door.
All vehicle systems are ready for operation.
Most of the indicator/warning lights in the instru‐
ment cluster light up for a varied length of time.
2. Depress the brake pedal.
To save battery power when parking, switch off
drive-ready state and any unnecessary electrical
consumers.
3. Press the Start/Stop button.
Drive-ready state is switched on.
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Display in the instrument cluster
Driving off
The READY display indicates that
the vehicle is ready for driving.
Functional requirements
Driving is possible under the following condi‐
tions:
▷ The high-voltage battery is sufficiently
charged.
Display on the Start/Stop button
General information
▷ The driver's door is closed.
▷ Charging cable is detached.
State of charge in strong temperature
fluctuations
In the case of strong temperature fluctuations
and a low state of charge of the high-voltage bat‐
tery, it may not be possible to start the vehicle
again at the beginning of the next trip. Recharge
vehicle with a low state of charge in time.
Driving
1. Switch on drive-ready state.
Drive-ready state is also displayed through light
indicators on the Start/Stop button.
2. Apply the brake and engage the selector
lever in position D or R.
Lighting pulses orange
▷ After unlocking and opening the door.
3. Release the parking brake.
4. Depress the accelerator pedal to drive.
▷ After switching off drive-ready state.
When the brake pedal is depressed, the lighting
becomes more intense.
Selector lever positions
Lighting lights up steady blue
After drive-ready state is switched on, light turns
blue. The vehicle is ready to drive. The READY
indicator lights up in the instrument cluster. In
addition, a signal sounds.
Lighting off
Drive-ready state, standby state and radio-ready
state are switched off. The vehicle is in the idle
state. The charging cable may be connected.
The engaged selector lever position is displayed
on the selector lever.
D Drive
Position for normal vehicle operation.
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R is reverse
Engage D, N, R
Select only when the vehicle is stationary.
N is Neutral
The vehicle may be pushed or rolled without
drivetrain, for instance in car washes, refer to
page 99, in selector lever position N.
P Park
Engage only while the vehicle is stationary and
the brake is applied. The drive wheels are
blocked.
Turn the selector lever in the desired direction.
The engaged selector lever position is displayed
on the selector lever.
Selector lever position P is engaged automati‐
cally in the following situations:
▷ If the driver's safety belt is off, the driver's
door is open and neither brake nor accelera‐
tor pedal are depressed while drive-ready
state is switched on and selector lever posi‐
tion D or R is set.
Engaging P
▷ After switching off drive-ready state via the
Start/Stop button, if selector lever position D
or R is set.
▷ With standby state switched off.
Before exiting the vehicle, make sure that selec‐
tor lever position P is set. Otherwise, the vehicle
may begin to move. Also Set parking brake, refer
to page 103.
Press button P.
Rolling or pushing the vehicle
General information
In some situations, the vehicle is to roll without
its own power for a short distance, for instance in
a car wash, or be pushed.
Engaging selector lever positions
General information
▷ Interlock: the selector lever position P can be
exited only with drive-ready state engaged.
▷ Shift lock: with the vehicle stationary, press
on the brake pedal before shifting out of P
or N; otherwise, the shift command will not be
executed.
Engaging selector lever position N
NOTICE
Selector lever position P is automatically en‐
gaged when standby state is switched off.
There is a risk of damage to property, among
other potential damage. Do not switch standby
state off in car washes.
▷ Shift lock: before shifting out of P, remove the
charging cable from the vehicle; otherwise,
the shift command will not be executed.
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Switching off drive-ready state
Park the vehicle. Noises from the electrical sys‐
tem such as for cooling the high-voltage system
might still be audible.
1. Switch on drive-ready state while pressing on
the brake pedal.
2. If necessary, release the parking brake.
3. Depress the brake pedal.
After stopping the vehicle:
4. Engage selector lever position N.
5. Switch off drive-ready state.
1. Apply brake and engage the selector lever in
position P.
In this way, standby state remains switched
on, and a Check Control message is dis‐
played.
2. Set the parking brake.
3. Press the Start/Stop button.
The vehicle can roll.
The READY indicator goes out and a signal
sounds.
Irrespective of standby state, the selector lever
position P is automatically engaged after approx.
15 minutes.
In case of longer idle times, follow the instruc‐
tions in the Care chapter, refer to page 260.
If there is a malfunction, you may not be able to
change the selector lever position.
Driving in detail: eDRIVE
Safety information
DANGER
Electronically unlock the transmission lock, if
needed.
Electronic unlocking of the
transmission lock
The braking power of the electric motor can be
stronger than for a vehicle with combustion en‐
gine. Abrupt braking and slow-down may con‐
fuse other traffic. There is a risk of accident.
Carefully release the accelerator pedal. Adjust
driving style to traffic conditions. Watch traffic
closely and actively intervene where appropri‐
ate.
General information
Electronically unlock the transmission lock to
maneuver vehicle from a danger area.
Before unlocking the transmission lock, set the
parking brake to prevent the vehicle from rolling
away.
Engaging selector lever position N
1. Hold the Start/Stop button pressed.
2. Depress the brake pedal.
Warning
When driving in electric mode, pedestrians and
other traffic might pay less attention to the ve‐
hicle due to the lack of engine noise. There is a
risk of accident. Adjust driving style to traffic
conditions. Watch traffic closely and actively in‐
tervene where appropriate.
3. Turn and hold the selector lever in position N.
A corresponding Check Control message is
displayed.
4. Turn the selector lever again into position N
within approx. 2 seconds.
Position N is indicated on the selector lever.
5. Release Start/Stop button and brake.
6. Maneuver the vehicle from the danger area
and secure it against moving on its own.
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▷ The vehicle is moving.
Warning
▷ Speed higher than approx. 12 mph/20 km/h.
▷ Selector lever position D or R is set.
Without energy recovery, there is no braking
power of the electric motor available. The vehi‐
cle could roll further than anticipated. There is a
risk of accident. Adjust driving style to traffic
conditions. Watch traffic closely and actively in‐
tervene where appropriate.
▷ Accelerator pedal is not actuated or only
pressed down one third of the way.
Energy cannot be recovered in the following sit‐
uations:
▷ Selector lever position N is engaged.
▷ While drive stability control systems, for in‐
stance DTC, are active and controlling the
vehicle, even though this is not indicated by
an indicator light.
Accelerator pedal positions
▷ The high-voltage battery is fully charged.
▷ When temperature of the high-voltage bat‐
tery is very low or very high.
In winter it might be possible that the energy
recovery is temporarily unavailable after
startup.
1
2
3
Deceleration
Exemplary traffic situations
If a deceleration operation is foreseeable while
driving, this can be used for energy recovery.
Coasting
Acceleration or constant speed: ePOWER
The following exemplary driving situations may
be suitable:
Deceleration
▷ Decelerating downhill.
The deceleration depends on the position of the
accelerator pedal. The less the actuation of the
accelerator pedal, the greater the deceleration. In
this way energy is recovered and the high-volt‐
age battery is charged.
▷ Deceleration before a red light.
Avoid late or abrupt braking. Instead, decelerate
the vehicle using energy recovery.
Releasing the accelerator pedal causes decelera‐
tion similar to cautious braking. Additionally, the
brake lights will come on without hitting the
brakes.
Coasting
The electric drive makes it possible to roll with‐
out consuming energy. This driving condition is
referred to as coasting.
Proactive driving reduces energy consumption
and increases the range.
Energy recovery: CHARGE
The high-voltage battery is recharged in part
through energy recovery. The electric motor acts
as a generator when decelerating and converts
the kinetic energy into electrical energy.
With vehicle rolling, no energy is recovered.
Exemplary traffic situations
If a route can be traveled without anticipated
need for braking, it is advantageous to roll.
Energy can be recovered if the following condi‐
tions are met:
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The following exemplary driving situations may
be suitable:
Range Extender is designed to enable further
driving in situations, in which the purely electric
range is not sufficient. E.g., the next charging sta‐
tion can be reached.
▷ Rolling on a straight downhill route without
obstacles.
With a very low charge state of the high-voltage
battery, the drive power is reduced on sharp up‐
hill grades or at high speeds in order to allow
continued driving.
▷ Coasting on a route without obstacles.
Avoid late or abrupt braking.
Acoustic pedestrian protection
This avoids a complete discharge of the high-
voltage battery.
Depending on the country-specific version, the
system generates a continuous driving noise
during electric driving up to approx.
20 mph/30 km/h.
A Check Control message indicates an upcom‐
ing reduction in drive power. The power reduc‐
tion is displayed in the performance display, refer
to page 112.
A speaker system broadcasts the noise to the
surroundings.
As a result, other road users, for instance pedes‐
trians or cyclists, can better perceive the vehicle.
Automatic maintenance run
Avoid having long periods when the Range Ex‐
tender is not used. To ensure functional reliabil‐
ity, the Range Extender is automatically activated
at certain intervals for a few minutes while driv‐
ing. Respective Check Control messages indi‐
cate the maintenance run. It the maintenance run
of the Range Extender is occurring at an unfavor‐
able time, it can be canceled by pressing the
Start/Stop button. It postpones the maintenance
run.
Range Extender
Increasing the range
If the charge state of the high-voltage battery
drops during travel to a minimum value, the
Range Extender starts and supplies the required
electrical energy for continued driving.
The icon on the charge state indicator desig‐
nates a Range Extender activation time.
Should the high-voltage battery be fully charged
or if there is not enough gas in the tank then a
maintenance run will not be executed.
The Range Extender controls its output automat‐
ically, turns itself off and restarts according to the
driving situation.
Heavily discharged high-voltage
battery
If the high-voltage battery is heavily discharged
during the trip, the performance and some com‐
fort features are reduced step-by-step to extend
the range.
If Range Extender is activated, the current
charge state of the high-voltage battery is main‐
tained. If necessary, the Range Extender charges
the high-voltage battery until the charge state at
the time of the activation of the Range Extender
has been reached.
The Range Extender has no direct connection to
the drive train.
Heated high-voltage battery
With a stationary vehicle
Using the Range Extender
In isolated cases, when the vehicle is stationary,
it is possible for the high-voltage battery to over‐
heat, for instance, as a result of extreme hot or
cold temperatures or direct sunlight. Drive-ready
Purely electric use of the vehicle offers the full
performance capability of the drive and the most
efficient use of the vehicle.
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Driving
CONTROLS
state cannot be switched on if the high-voltage
battery is overheated.
Warning
A Check Control message is displayed.
Unattended children or animals in the vehicle
can cause the vehicle to move and endanger
themselves and traffic, for instance due to the
following actions:
Another message will indicate when drive-ready
state is available again.
While driving
▷ Pressing the Start/Stop button.
▷ Releasing the parking brake.
If the high-voltage battery overheats during the
trip, the performance is reduced step-by-step in
order to cool down the battery. The ePOWER
performance display in the instrument cluster de‐
creases. If the temperature increases further,
park the vehicle until the high-voltage battery has
cooled down. If the performance display falls to
0, the drive-ready state is switched off and the
vehicle comes to a stop.
▷ Opening and closing the doors or win‐
dows.
▷ Engaging selector lever position N.
▷ Using vehicle equipment.
There is a risk of accidents or injuries. Do not
leave children or animals unattended in the ve‐
hicle. Take the vehicle key with you when exit‐
ing and lock the vehicle.
Parking brake
Overview
Concept
The parking brake is used to prevent the vehicle
from rolling when it is parked.
Safety information
Warning
An unsecured vehicle can begin to move and
possibly roll away. There is a risk of accident.
Before exiting, secure the vehicle against roll‐
ing.
Parking brake
In order to ensure that the vehicle is secured
against rolling away, follow the following:
Setting
▷ Set the parking brake.
With a stationary vehicle
▷ On uphill grades or on a downhill slope,
turn the front wheels in the direction of the
curb.
Pull the switch.
The LED lights up.
▷ On uphill grades or on a downhill slope,
also secure the vehicle, for instance with a
wheel chock.
The indicator light lights up red. The
parking brake is set.
Depending on the stopping situation, the parking
brake is engaged automatically.
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In some parking situations, the parking brake is
automatically engaged, when selector lever posi‐
tion P is engaged. In these cases, the parking
brake is released automatically when you leave
the selector lever position P.
Secure the vehicle against rolling away, for in‐
stance with a wheel chock, after exiting the vehi‐
cle.
After a power failure
While driving
Re-activating the parking brake
To use as emergency brake while driving:
1. Switch on standby state.
Pull the switch and hold it. The vehicle brakes
hard while the switch is being pulled.
2.
Press the switch while stepping on the
brake pedal or selector lever position P is set.
The indicator light lights up red, a signal
sounds and the brake lights light up.
It may take several seconds for the brake to be
reactivated. Some mechanical sounds associ‐
ated with this process are normal.
A Check Control message is displayed.
If the vehicle is slowed down to a speed of ap‐
prox. 2 mph/3 km/h the parking brake is set.
The indicator light in the instrument clus‐
ter goes out as soon as the parking brake
is ready for operation.
Releasing
Releasing manually
1. Switch on drive-ready state.
Hold function
Concept
2.
Press the switch while stepping on the
The system holds the vehicle automatically when
gear is engaged. This prevents rolling against the
direction of travel.
brake pedal or selector lever position P is set.
The LED and indicator light go out.
The parking brake is released.
In selector lever position D, the vehicle cannot
roll backwards. In selector lever position R, it can‐
not roll forward. The brake pedal does not have
to be pressed.
Automatic release
For automatic release, step on the accelerator
pedal.
The LED and indicator light go out.
Reducing energy consumption
The parking brake is automatically released
when you step on the accelerator pedal under
the following conditions:
To reduce energy consumption when the hold
function is activated, activate the parking brake
or engage the selector lever in position P when
the vehicle is stopped for long periods of time.
▷ Drive-ready state switched on.
▷ Gear position engaged.
The hold function can be affected by the vehi‐
cle's load and the road incline. If needed, a
Check Control message will appear and position
P will be selected automatically.
▷ Driver buckled in and doors closed.
Malfunction
If the parking brake fails or malfunctions, secure
the vehicle against rolling before exiting.
A Check Control message is displayed.
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Signaling briefly
Turn signal, high beams,
headlight flasher
Press the lever to the resistance point and hold it
there for as long as you want the turn signal to
flash.
Turn signal
Malfunction
Unusually rapid flashing of the indicator light indi‐
cates that a turn signal bulb has failed.
Turn signal in exterior mirror
When driving and during operation of the turn
signals or hazard warning system, do not fold in
the exterior mirrors, so that the signal lights on
the exterior mirror are easy to see.
High beams, headlight flasher
Press the lever forward or pull it backward.
Using turn signals
▷ High beams on, arrow 1.
The high beams light up when the low beams
are switched on.
Press the lever past the resistance point.
The lever returns into its starting position after
actuation. To switch off manually, slightly tap the
lever to the resistance point.
▷ High beams off/headlight flasher, arrow 2.
Wiper system
Triple turn signal activation
Lightly tap the lever up or down.
The turn signal flashes three times.
The function can be activated or deactivated.
Via iDrive:
General information
Do not use the wipers if the windshield is dry, as
this may damage the wiper blades or cause them
to become worn more quickly.
1. "My Vehicle"
Safety information
2. "Vehicle settings"
3. "Lighting"
Warning
4. "Exterior lighting"
If the wipers start moving in the folded away
state, body parts can be jammed or damage
may occur to parts of the vehicle. There is a risk
of injury or risk of damage to property. Make
sure that the vehicle is switched off when the
5. "One-touch turn signal"
6. Select the desired setting.
Settings are stored for the profile currently used.
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Driving
CONTROLS
wipers are in the folded away state and the wip‐
ers are folded in when switching on.
▷ To switch off from fast wiper speed: press
down twice.
▷ To switch off from normal wiper speed: press
down once.
NOTICE
▷ Brief wipe: press down once.
If the wipers are frozen to the windshield, the
wiper blades can be torn off and the wiper mo‐
tor can overheat when switching on. There is a
risk of damage to property, among other poten‐
tial damage. Defrost the windshield prior to
switching the wipers on.
The lever automatically returns to its initial posi‐
tion when released.
Interval mode or rain sensor
Concept
The rain sensor automatically controls the time
between wipes depending on the intensity of the
rainfall.
Switching on
General information
The sensor is located on the windshield, directly
in front of the interior mirror. Without the rain
sensor, the frequency of the wiper operation is
preset.
Safety information
Tap up the lever or press it past the resistance
point.
NOTICE
If the rain sensor is activated, the wipers can
accidentally start moving in vehicle washes.
There is a risk of damage to property, among
other potential damage. Deactivate the rain
sensor in vehicle washes.
▷ Normal wiper speed: tap up once.
▷ Fast wiper speed: tap up twice or tap once
beyond the resistance point.
The lever automatically returns to its initial posi‐
tion when released.
Switching off and brief wipe
Activating/deactivating
Press the lever down.
Press the button on the wiper lever.
Wiping is started.
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If the vehicle is equipped with a rain sensor: the
LED in the wiper lever is illuminated.
NOTICE
In frosty conditions, wiper operation may not
start.
When the washer fluid reservoir is empty, the
wash pump cannot work as intended. There is
a risk of damage to property, among other po‐
tential damage. Do not use the washer system
when the washer fluid reservoir is empty.
If a journey is interrupted with the rain sensor
switched on: if the trip is resumed within approx.
15 minutes, the rain sensor is automatically acti‐
vated again.
Cleaning the windshield
Setting the frequency or sensitivity of the
rain sensor
Pull the lever.
The system sprays washer fluid on the wind‐
shield and activates the wipers briefly.
Turn the thumbwheel.
With deactivated rain sensor: set the interval.
With activated rain sensor: set the rain sensor
sensitivity.
Windshield washer nozzles
The windshield washer nozzles are automatically
heated while standby state is switched on.
Up: short interval or high sensitivity of the rain
sensor.
Down: long interval or low sensitivity of the rain
sensor.
Rear window wiper
Overview
Windshield washer system
Safety information
Warning
The washer fluid can freeze onto the window at
low temperatures and obstruct the view. There
is a risk of accident. Only use the washer sys‐
tems, if the washer fluid cannot freeze. Use
washer fluid with antifreeze, if needed.
Switching on
Turn the outer switch upward.
▷ Resting position of the wiper, position 0.
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Driving
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▷ Intermittent mode, arrow 1. When reverse
gear is engaged, the system switches to con‐
tinuous operation.
tial damage. Defrost the windshield prior to
switching the wipers on.
Folding away the wipers
Clean the rear window
1. Switch standby state on and off again.
Turn the outer switch in the desired direction.
2. In frosty conditions, make sure that the
blades are not frozen to the windshield.
▷ In resting position: turn the switch downward,
arrow 3. The switch automatically returns to
its idle position when released.
3. Press the wiper lever up past the point of re‐
sistance and hold it for approx. 3 seconds,
until the wipers remain in a nearly vertical po‐
sition.
▷ In intermittent mode: turn the switch further,
arrow 2. The switch automatically returns to
its interval position when released.
4. Fold the wipers all the way away from the
windshield.
The function is deactivated if the washer fluid
reservoir level is low.
Fold-away position of the wipers
Concept
The fold-away position enables the wipers to be
folded away from the windshield.
General information
Important, for instance when changing the wiper
blades or for folding away under frosty condi‐
tions.
Folding down the wipers
After the wipers are folded back down, the wiper
system must be reactivated.
Safety information
1. Fold the wipers back down onto the wind‐
shield.
Warning
2. Switch on standby state.
If the wipers start moving in the folded away
state, body parts can be jammed or damage
may occur to parts of the vehicle. There is a risk
of injury or risk of damage to property. Make
sure that the vehicle is switched off when the
wipers are in the folded away state and the wip‐
ers are folded in when switching on.
3. Push wiper lever down. Wipers return to their
resting position and are ready again for oper‐
ation.
Washer fluid
General information
All washer nozzles are supplied from one reser‐
voir.
NOTICE
If the wipers are frozen to the windshield, the
wiper blades can be torn off and the wiper mo‐
tor can overheat when switching on. There is a
risk of damage to property, among other poten‐
Use a mixture of tap water and windshield
washer concentrate. If desired, a windshield
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Driving
CONTROLS
washer concentrate containing antifreeze can be
used.
Overview
Recommended minimum fill quantity:
0.2 US gal/1 liter.
Safety information
Warning
Some antifreeze agents can contain harmful
substances and are flammable. There is a risk
of fire and a risk of injury. Follow the instruc‐
tions on the containers. Keep antifreeze away
from ignition sources. Do not refill operating
materials into different bottles. Store operating
materials out of reach of children.
The washer fluid reservoir is located under the
hood.
Malfunction
The use of undiluted windshield washer concen‐
trate or alcohol-based antifreeze can lead to in‐
correct readings at temperatures below
+5 ℉/-15 ℃.
United States: the washer fluid mixture ratio is
regulated by the U.S. EPA and many individual
states; do not exceed the allowable washer fluid
dilution ratio limits that apply. Follow the usage
instructions on the washer fluid container.
Use of BMW’s Windshield Washer Concentrate
or the equivalent is recommended.
NOTICE
Silicon-containing additives in the washer fluid
for the water-repelling effect on the windows
can lead to damage to the washing system.
There is a risk of damage to property, among
other potential damage. Do not add silicon-
containing additives to the washer fluid.
NOTICE
Mixing different windshield washer concen‐
trates or antifreeze can damage the washing
system. There is a risk of damage to property,
among other potential damage. Do not mix dif‐
ferent windshield washer concentrates or anti‐
freeze. Follow the information and mixing ratios
provided on the containers.
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